TNF and breast neoplasm: One study using 4T1 breast cancer cell-bearing mice for in vivo research revealed that DMDD radically inhibited primary breast tumor growth and suppressed breast tumor metastasis in the lung and liver, as well as decreased inflammatory cytokine production, induced cell apoptosis, and prevented the activation of the TNF-α/NF-κB/MMPs pathways, prolonging the survival time of tumor-bearing mice (Chen et al., 2017b).