Interleukin-1β, a soluble form of IL-1, is a highly active pro-inflammatory cytokine in nearly all human cells and is thought to play a role in autoinflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer along with other IL-1 family members and their receptors/coreceptors (Supplementary Figure S1)2,10–17. This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and cancer.