NFKB1 and bacterial infectious disease: In addition to endothelial permeability, mtROS has been shown to regulate pro-inflammatory responses of macrophages to bacterial infection through disulfide linkage of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) essential modulator (NEMO)63, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in microglial cells64, and VEGF-induced endothelial migration through Rac165.