VGLUT3 has been shown to be higher expressed in serotonergic neurons in DRV compared to those in DRD, and it increases serotonin-1A receptor (5HT-1A)-mediated neurotransmission in RN and accelerates serotonin release at a specific subset of serotonergic nerve terminals51,52. Here, HTR1A is linked to dystonia 5.