Interestingly, 17 of these were from the list of 241 gCIS identified as clonal in some cohorts and subclonal in others: Axin1, Cbfb, Crebbp, Cux1, Fbxw7, Foxp1, H-Ras, Kdm6a, Kmt2c (Mll3), Nf1, Notch1, N-Ras, Pik3r1, Pten, Smad4, Spen, and Usp9x. Indeed, of the 351 clonal gCIS that were not found in any of our subclonal lists, only 7 were also found in the 99 human breast cancer gene list (Apc, Arid1b, K-Ras, Mapk2k4, Map3k1, Nf2, and Tet2). This evidence concerns the gene SPEN and breast cancer.