The improved sensitivity ofthe detection method is beneficialfor their clinical application as less amount of sample is required.This is demonstrated in the present study using sEVs from the PE-fluidof two NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation (PE011) or ALK-fusion (PE002).Compared to our previous study,24 the PPB-avidinfunctionalization allowed us to obtain the results on CD9, EGFR, andPD-L1 expression levels on these samples with a significantly lower(∼1/100th and 1/10th, respectively) sample volume. Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.