ARG1 and infection: Interestingly, vGluT2 neurons express higher levels of Nlrp6 mRNA, corresponding with their preferential vulnerability.33 In addition, catecholamines released by extrinsic nerves in response to infection activated β2 adrenergic receptors on MMs, resulting in an increased expression of Arginase 1 and production of neuroprotective polyamines (Fig. 3).33 Thus, infection-induced alterations to the ENS or extrinsic nerves can be both detrimental and protective for the host.