This cytokine is secreted in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in its inactive (latent) form bound to latency-associated protein (LAP), and is activated by metalloproteinases (MMP)23,24 and RGD-binding integrins, such as αVβ6 and αVβ825,26. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.