In the first stage, viral infection is rapidly sensed by host PRRs, and cascades the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), followed by entering the nucleus to activate the expression of IFN-I.23 In the second stage, secreted IFN-α/β triggers the Janus kinases/signal transducer activator transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways. The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is viral infectious disease.