IFNA1 and viral infectious disease: The tripartite motif protein 25 (TRIM25) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that participates in various cellular processes, including regulating the innate immunity against virus infections.25–28 In addition, TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination and IFN induction is crucial in response to RNA virus infection.29 We found that the inhibition of IFN-I activity by 2N was rescued at transcription level through overexpression of TRIM25 (Supplementary Fig. S5a–c).