Six genes, ACSS3, SULT1A2, VTN, LRFN2, NPC1L1, and NEURL3, were identified as being highly significant to AF and having high module membership (Fig. 6f), which existed in the population with an effect (ΔAF ≥ 10) but not in the population with no effect (ΔAF ≤ 0) (Fig. 6e). This evidence concerns the gene VTN and atrial fibrillation.