AR and viral infectious disease: Based on the cytopathic effects (CPE) induced by virus infection, RG/B5-wt, RG/B5-V238A, and RG/B5-K244R grew better in the absence of E151, while growth of the double mutant RG/B5-AR with VP1-V238A,K244R was enhanced in the presence of E151 (Table 1).