Financial disclosures: Catharina Svanborg certifies that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are the following: The authors hold shares in SelectImmune Pharma, a biotech company, with an interest in exploring the potential of IL-1RA treatment in cystitis and bladder pain. Here, IL1R1 is linked to chronic cystitis.