CNP and myocarditis: Day et al. (2018) found that IFN-induced pro-inflammatory genes in human endothelial cells are suppressed by CNP via the cGMP-mediated pathway. Additionally, CNP can also reduce the MCP-1 levels in the myocardium and serum of rats with acute myocarditis as well as inhibit infiltration of inflammatory macrophages (Obata et al., 2007). In the respiratory system, Murakami et al. (2004) suggested that CNP downregulated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin and repressed the invasion of macrophages and neutrophils.