ABCA3 is a membrane-associated ATP-binding transporter of the ABC A-subfamily,50 predominantly expressed on intracellular lamellar bodies of lung alveolar type II cells of the developing and mature lung51, 52 where it is supposed to be involved in maturation of alveolar type II cells, synthesizing surfactant53 and interstitial lung fibrosis.54 A link of this gene to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), a preliminary stage of BPD,55 was also described.56 The molecular mechanism of this association remains to be clarified. The gene discussed is ABCA3; the disease is newborn respiratory distress syndrome.