LPAr 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and TRPV1 mRNA are expressed in the petrosal ganglia of naïve animals; asthma causes upregulation of carotid body and petrosal LPAr mRNA (1>4>2>5>6), but the level of PKCε and TRPV1 mRNA expression is unchanged (Fig. 3b). This evidence concerns the gene TRPV1 and asthma.