HDAC1 protein was significantly increased in MCT-induced PAH rats; this was accompanied with down-regulation of miR-34a and subsequent up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and MMP-2/TIMP-2. Here, TIMP1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.