NPPB and congestive heart failure: As the end points of CHF, mortality and rehospitalization were only reported by 4 studies (4/31, 12.90%), the other studies all reported surrogate outcomes, including efficacy of cardiac function (83.87%), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)(54.84%), 6 min’ walk distance (6MWD)(45.16%) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)(16.13%).