MCM7, an E2F-responsive gene that is upregulated in papillomavirus-related lesions caused by high-risk HPV (38) and MmuPV1 (39) infections, was similarly upregulated in papillomas induced by the wild type and E7D90A quasiviruses, indicating increased levels of E2F-mediated transcription in both cases (Fig. 9C). This evidence concerns the gene MCM7 and papilloma.