It has been demonstrated that 4-OHE2 induces hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in two human ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR-3 and A2780-CP70 cells, in dose- and time-dependent manners. Here, VEGFA is linked to ovarian carcinoma.