Basolateral TNFα concentrations were higher after exposure to PI-IBS strains compared to control strains (PI-IBS: 0.30 (0.37) pg/mL vs. control: 0 (0) pg/mL, p = 0.0001) (Fig. 6c), as well as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) or IP-10 (PI-IBS: 6.81 (7.01) pg/mL, control: 2.72 (4.64) pg/mL, p = 0.01) (Fig. 6d), while apical concentrations of either were not different (Supplementary Fig. 3C, D). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is irritable bowel syndrome.