MS leads to immune hyperactivation mainly characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, etc.), pro-inflammatory adipokine (leptin) and pro-fibrotic growth factors (i.e. VEGF, TGF-beta, etc.)9,15. Here, CXCL8 is linked to myeloid sarcoma.