A comprehensive analysis of TCGA/ICGC pan-cancer dataset including 19,000 cancer samples across 49 cancer types detected 139 RPL5 and 74 RPL11 cancer-associated mutations, of which the majority are missense mutations (66% and 73% in RPL5 and RPL11 mutations, respectively).201 Various frequencies of RPL5 mutations/deletions have been reported in breast cancer (34%), melanoma (28%), multiple myeloma (up to 30%) and T-ALL (2%).202 In multiple myeloma, patients with low RPL5 expression level have a worse survival outcome. Here, RPL5 is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.