CXCL1 derived from TAMs can induce breast cancer growth and metastasis through various mechanisms, such as by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transformation [16], inducing the self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs) [17, 18], promoting autophagy [46], inducing MDSCs infiltration, as well as inducing the formation of the premetastatic niche (PMN) [19]. Here, CXCL1 is linked to breast cancer.