A 10 μg/m3 increase in previous year mean level of O3 was significantly positively associated with %change of IL-4 (p = 0.014) and marginally with %changes of IL-13 (p = 0.059) and osteopontin (p = 0.095) in AE-IPF patients. This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.