For instance, the associations of hemoglobin A1c with nearly all dimensions of tubular markers including tubular injury (higher IL-18), dysfunction (higher α1m), reserve (lower UMOD) and fibrosis (higher YKL-40), suggest the possibility of monitoring the various ways that hyperglycemia damages the kidney by measuring changes in these biomarker levels over time. Here, IL18 is linked to Hyperglycemia.