In a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, HPSE overexpression was associated with increased macrophage expression of M2 cytokines IL-6, IL-10, CCL-2, VEGF, and macrophage scavenger receptor-2 (MSR-2), increased tumor size, and increased levels of tumor-infiltrating macrophages [54]. Here, HPSE is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.