VCAM1 and atrial fibrillation: Compared to HDL from non-AF individuals, the gene-expression of ICAM1 (43.4%, 39.9–71.1, n = 13 vs. 69.9%, 50.1–126.0, n = 18, p = 0.045), VCAM1 (12.0%, 9.1–21.9, n = 13 vs. 29.7%, 15.8–49.4, n = 22, p = 0.017), SELE (24.7%, 12.4–40.7, n = 8 vs. 55.8%, 22.0–86.1, n = 20, p = 0.060) and SELP (28.5%, 14.7–75.2, n = 8 vs. 85.1%, 50.5–135.6, n = 22, p = 0.040) was higher in cells incubated with HDL from AF patients before catheter ablation (Fig. 1).