Furthermore, NF‐κB activity was higher in ESCC cells‐activated CAFs than its parental NFs (a mixture of pairs 1, 2, and 3) or adipose tissue‐derived MSCs (Figure 1H), and correlated with the expression of αSMA and secretions of indicated cytokines (Figure 1B, C, F, and H). This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.