For example, the Baccillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, which contains attenuated bacteria, is used in bladder cancer.89 Poly-IC, a synthetic dsRNA mimetic that binds RIG-I and TLR3, is being pursued in several cancer immunotherapy strategies,90,91 and is also in several clinical trials, including one which it is being used in combination with a CD40 agonist (NCT01008527). Here, CD40 is linked to cancer.