In conclusion, our study demonstrated that probiotics had a protective effect against NAFLD in a rat model; its treatment significantly ameliorated the liver pathology injuries and serum lipid profiles and alleviated hepatic steatosis in HFD diet-fed rats; probiotics may affect bile acid metabolism by upregulating the expression of the FXR/FGF15 pathway and improving the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gene discussed is NR1H4; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.