Potential confounders including age, sex, comorbidities (HP, DM, CLD, CHD, CKD, COPD, stroke, and cancer), physical examination on admission (temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, SBP, DBP, and SpO2), and laboratory parameters (hs-TnI, CK-MB, MYO, NEU, LYM, hs-CRP, IL-6, D-dimer, FIB, ALT, ALB, Cr, EGFR, and GLU) were controlled for. Here, EGFR is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.