Moreover, ALDH18A1 knock-down activates AAR stress signaling, and reduces melanoma tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo (Kardos et al., 2015), whereas PYCR1 induction improves proliferation and invasiveness of breast, esophagus, lung, melanoma, pancreas, and prostate cancer cells (Nilsson et al., 2014; Ding et al., 2017; Zeng et al., 2017; Cai et al., 2018; Ye et al., 2018; Kardos et al., 2020; Forlani et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene PYCR1 and melanoma.