The Von Hippel-Lindau/hypoxia-inducible factor (VHL/HIF) axis, the major carcinogenic pathway in ccRCC, promotes angiogenesis, cell growth and glycolysis by activating vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), transforming growth factor alpha and beta and platelet derived growth factor (Seles et al., 2020; Sanchez-Gastaldo et al., 2017; Maxwell et al., 1999). Here, VEGFA is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.