TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: The results of KEGG pathway analysis further highlighted the immune-responsive pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation, IBD, Hippo signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway (Figure 2C and Table 4).