TNKS and cancer: Tankyrase, consisting of two members (Tnks1 and Tnks2 in most species), participates in modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.171 Tankyrase1/2 is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), attaching PAR chains onto substrates by its catalytic action.172,173 The enzymes bind and then PARylate Axins, utterly, the Axins are ubiquitylated and degraded.174,175 Additionally, researches showed that tankyrase enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling.176,177 A series of studies further proved that tankyrase could suppress cancer development via inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.175,178–180