APC and colorectal carcinoma: Over 700 somatic mutations of Apc resulted in various types of cancers by truncating Apc protein that was dependent on nonsense (34%) or frameshift mutation (62%).127,128 Mutations of Apc can cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), which is also the major hereditary carcinogenic factor in CRC progression.129,130 A study showed that around 72% of Apc mutations were detected spreading throughout the Apc gene in early-onset CRC.131