ZNRF3 and gastric adenocarcinoma: Similarly, Rnf43 mutations were overall found in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.121,122 Znrf3 and Rnf43 were not essential in the intestine but dysregulation of Znrf3/Rnf43 was important for the growth of CRC.26,27,123 Mutations of Rnf43, resulting in E3 ubiquitin ligases function loss, promoted CRC development and poor prognosis.38 Inactivating mutations of Rnf43 were related to Wnt dependency.