TNF and Crohn disease: In a retrospective cohort study, Lewis et al.143 found that among patients with Crohn’s disease (7,694 with prolonged corticosteroid use and 1,879 with anti-TNF agent use) the risk of death was statistically significantly lower in patients treated with anti-TNF therapy than in patients on corticosteroids (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.93) and also anti-TNF therapy was associated with lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55–0.85).