IHC analysis of melanoma tissues on CTL-related markers demonstrated that mice treated with OVA@SVMAV had the highest CTL infiltration level and protein levels of interferon-γ and granzyme B, which are two important proteins secreted by CTLs to eliminate tumor cells in the TME (figure 4F and online supplemental figure S3E–G). The gene discussed is GZMB; the disease is melanoma.