With this background, we were interested to evaluate the role of five TMs –carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1), squamous cell carcinoma–associated antigen (SCC), pro–gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)– in the diagnosis of LC. This evidence concerns the gene GRP and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.