There was induction of a variable cytokine response in respiratory tissues at different days post-infection (dpi), including TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-4, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8), IL-10, IL-13, CXCL10 (IP-10), CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL9 (MIG), and CCL2 (MCP-1) [25]. Here, CCL5 is linked to infection.