TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Therefore, Sautto et al. designed a second generation CAR containing the scFv of the broadly neutralizing antibody e137, which targets HCV/E2, the major viral surface protein on HCV-infected cells [42] CAR+ T-cells were able to lyse the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HuH-7.5 when infected with a cell culture strain of HCV and showed high levels of cytokine secretion, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2.