The low GC3 content and especially low GC3:GC12 ratio seen in VP3 (Figure 9), in contrast with the high GC3 content of NSP5 and NSP4 (relative to the rest of the genome), could suggest it is beneficial for the rotavirus to have lower-efficiency VP3 expression relative to NSP4 and NSP5, during infection. Here, SPECC1 is linked to infection.