Viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as viral mRNA and dsRNAs, are produced during early virus infection/replication and recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRPs), including retinoic-acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) [33]. Here, IFIH1 is linked to viral infectious disease.