HMOX1 and colitis: Concomitantly with an increase in acute progressive intestinal inflammation, the HFD + DSS mice showed increased expression of ER stress marker genes (Grp78, Xbp1, and Atf4) (Figure 4D) and decreased levels of associated antioxidant enzymes (Nrf2, Nqo-1, and Ho-1) (Figure 4E–H) compared with the controls, indicating that elevated oxidative stress is related to DSS-mediated colitis in obese mice.