Thus, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, through the NHP models, might be successfully applied to HIV-1 disease, as it can be used: i) to target proviral DNA for the elimination of provirus; ii) to modify cellular co-factors such as CCR5 which is the main HIV coreceptor; to generate CCR5-mutant (CCR5-delta32) which is associated with protection from, and cure of, HIV infection; and iii) to reactivate host restriction factors during HIV-1 infection, in order to reduce viral infection and clear the provirus. The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is viral infectious disease.