These findings support the concept that conditioned medium from LMP1-expressing cells induces EMT in MDCK epithelial cells and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation in human dermal fibroblasts, and therefore, it is plausible that LMP1 may transform multiple cell types within the local tumour milieu to facilitate the growth, invasion and migration of NPC tumour cells. This evidence concerns the gene PDLIM7 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.