Compared to patients who did not experience the composite outcome, patients who did were more likely to be male, have a history of ischaemic heart disease and ventricular arrhythmia, and had a lower LVEF, higher NT-proBNP, longer duration of heart failure, worse renal function, a broader QRS, and greater symptom burden at baseline (as reflected by NYHA functional class and KCCQ Total Symptom Score). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and heart failure.