TGFB1 and breast cancer: BC has been proven to contain bioactives including immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and cytokines (15, 16), and also growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 and 2 (IGF-1 and 2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (17).