NES and acute myeloid leukemia: Healthy Nestin+ MSCs and osteoblasts can also be indirect targets of sympathetic neuropathy (through β2-adrenergic signaling) in models of myeloid malignancies, leading either to aberrant expansion or loss of Nestin+ MSCs while restricting the numbers of mature osteoblasts in both MLL-AF9-AML (Hanoun et al., 2014) and JAK2V617F-MPN mouse models (Arranz et al., 2014).