Specifically, it was shown that both MDS and MPN cells secrete inflammatory mediators such as CCL3 and TPO, thereby driving transformation of the MSC niche toward a highly supportive milieu for leukemic cell expansion at the expense of normal hematopoiesis (Schepers et al., 2013; Medyouf et al., 2014). Here, CCL3 is linked to myeloproliferative neoplasm.