In addition, a recent study found that CAF-secreted CXCL-1 can stimulate the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells, that there is an interdependent relationship between CAFs and cancer cells in the oral squamous carcinoma microenvironment, and that CXCL-1 can upregulate MMP-1 in CAF expression and activity (Wei et al., 2019). Here, CXCL1 is linked to lip and oral cavity carcinoma.