IL17A and Dengue hemorrhagic fever: Acosta-Rodriguez and colleagues (2007) have reported activated monocytes and dendritic cells produce increased IL-1β and IL-6 that are essential for Th17 differentiation. Yang and colleagues (2011) have shown STAT3 (transcription factor) from IL-6 promotes IL-17A. Taken together, our observation shows similar pattern of increased IL-1β and IL-6 in DENV-4 patients (Figure 8C) can substantiate the raise of IL-17A in DHF cases.